초등 중등 고등 영어 자료실

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 We argue that the ethical principles of justice provide an essential foundation for policies to protect unborn generations and the poorest countries from climate change. 

우리는 정의의 윤리적 원칙이 아직 태어나지 않은 세대와 가장 가난한 나라들을 기후 변화로부터 보호하기 위한 정책에 대한 근본적인 기초를 제공한다고 주장하는 바이다. 

Related issues arise in connection with current and persistently inadequate aid for these nations, in the face of growing threats to agriculture and water supply, and the rules of international trade that mainly benefit rich countries. 

농업과 물 공급에 대한 점점 증가하는 위협과 주로 부유한 국가들에게만 이득을 주는 국제 무역의 규칙에 직면하여, 이(가난한) 국가들을 위한 현재의 끈질기게 부족한 원조와 관련하여 연계된 문제들이 발생한다. 

Increasing aid for the world’s poorest peoples can be an essential part of effective mitigation. 

세계의 가장 가난한 국민들에 대한 원조를 증가시키는 것은 효과적인 (탄소배출) 완화의 필수적인 부분이다. 

With 20 percent of carbon emissions from (mostly tropical) deforestation, carbon credits for forest preservation would combine aid to poorer countries with one of the most cost-effective forms of abatement. 

탄소배출량의 20%는 (대개 열대 지역의) 벌채로부터 오므로, 삼림 보존을 위한 탄소배출권은 더 가난한 국가들에 대한 원조와 비용 효율성이 가장 높은 (탄소 배출) 감소의 형태 중의 하나와 결합시켜 줄 것이다. 

Perhaps the most cost-effective but politically complicated policy reform would be the removal of several hundred billions of  dollars of direct annual subsidies from the two biggest recipients in the OECD ― destructive industrial agriculture and fossil fuels.

아마 비용 효율성이 가장 높지만 정치적으로 가장 복잡한 정책 개혁은, OECD에서 두 가지의 가장 큰 수혜 분야, 곧 파괴적인 산업화 농업과 화석 연료로부터 오는 연간 수천억 달러의 직접적인 보조금을 없애는 일일 것 이다.  

Even a small amount of this money would accelerate the already rapid rate of technical progress and investment in renewable energy in many areas, as well as encourage the essential switch to conservation agriculture.

이 돈의 적은 양이라도 보존 농업으로의 근본적인 변화를 촉진할 뿐만 아니라, 많은 지역에서 이미 빠르게 진행되고 있는 재생 가능한 에너지에 대한 기술적 진보와 투자를 가속할 것이다.

어법문제

 We argue that the ethical principles of justice (is provided/provide) an essential foundation for policies to protect unborn  generations and the (poor/poorest) countries from climate change.  Related issues (arose/arise) in connection with current  and persistently inadequate aid for these nations, in the face of (grown/growing) threats to agriculture and water supply, and  the rules of international trade that (main/mainly) benefit rich countries.  (Increased/Increasing) aid for the world’s  poorest  peoples can be an essential part of effective mitigation. With 20 percent of carbon emissions from (mostly tropical) deforestation, carbon credits for forest preservation would combine aid to poorer countries with one of the most cost-effective forms of  abatement.  Perhaps the most cost-effective but politically (complicating/complicated) policy reform would be the removal of  several hundred billions of dollars of direct annual subsidies from the two biggest recipients in  the OECD ― destructive  industrial agriculture and fossil fuels. Even a small amount of this money would accelerate the already (rapidly/rapid) rate of technical progress and investment in renewable energy in many areas, as well as (encouraging/encourage) the essential  switch to conservation agriculture.

4강 Exercise 01

We are about to embark on creating one of the most important habits of all: gratitude. 

이제 우리는 가장 중요한 습관 중 하나, 즉 감사하는 마음을 (습관으로) 만들기 시작하려고 한다. 

After conducting and reviewing hundreds of studies, the University of California, Berkeley, concluded that gratitude is one of the most reliable methods for increasing happiness and life satisfaction. 

수백 개의 연구를 하고 검토한 후에, 버클리 소재 캘리포니아 대학은 감사하는 마음이 행복과 삶의 만족감을 증가시키는 가장 신뢰할 수 있는 방법 중 하나라는 결론을 내렸다. 

It boosts feelings of optimism, joy, pleasure, and enthusiasm. 

그것[감사하는 마음]은 낙관주의, 기쁨, 즐거움, 그리고 열정의 느낌을 증가시킨다. 

It reduces anxiety and depression, strengthens the immune system, lowers blood pressure, reduces symptoms of illness, and makes us less bothered by aches and pains.

그것은 불안과 우울증을 줄여주고, 면역체계를 강화시키고, 혈압을 낮추고 질병의 증상을 줄여 주고, 우리를 아픔과 통증에 덜 시달리게 해 준다. 

 It encourages us to exercise more and take better care of our health. 

그것은 우리에게 운동을 더 많이 하고 우리의 건강을 더 잘 돌보도록 고무한다.

Grateful people get more hours of sleep each night, spend less time awake before falling asleep, and feel more refreshed upon awakening. 

감사하는 사람들은 매일 밤 더 많은 시간 잠을 자고, 잠이 들기 전에 깨어 있는 시간이 더 적고, 깨어날 때 더 상쾌함을 느낀다. 

Gratitude makes people more resilient and helps them recover from traumatic events.

 감사하는 마음은 사람들을 더욱 회복력 있게 만들고 대단히 충격적인 사건에서 회복하도록 도와준다.

어법문제

  We are about to embark on (created/creating) one of the most important habits of all: gratitude.  After conducting and reviewing hundreds of studies, the University of California, Berkeley, (concluding/concluded) that  gratitude is one of the most reliable methods for increasing happiness and life satisfaction. It boosts feelings of optimism, joy, pleasure, and enthusiasm. It reduces anxiety and depression, (strengthening/strengthens) the immune system, lowers blood  pressure, reduces symptoms of illness, and makes us less (bother/bothered) by aches and pains.  It encourages us (exercising/to exercise) more and take better care of our health.  Grateful people get more hours of sleep each night, spend less time awake before falling asleep, and feel more refreshed upon awakening. Gratitude makes people more (resilience/resilient) and helps them recover from traumatic events.

4강 Exercise 02

Some believe there is no value to dreams, but it is wrong to dismiss these nocturnal dramas as irrelevant. 

어떤 사람들은 꿈이 가치가 없다고 믿지만, 밤에 일어나는 이 드라마를 무관한 것으로 일축하는 것은 잘못이다. 

There is something to be gained in remembering. 

(꿈을) 기억했을 때 얻어지는 어떤 것이 있다. 

We can feel more connected, more complete, and more on track. 

우리는 더 연결되어 있고, 더 완전하고, 더 진행이 잘 되어 성공할 가능성이 있다고 느낄 수 있다. 

We can receive inspiration, information, and comfort. 

우리는 영감, 정보, 위안을 얻을 수 있다. 

Albert Einstein stated that his theory of relativity was inspired by a dream. 

Albert Einstein은 그의 상대성 이론이 꿈에서 영감을 얻은 것이라고 말했다. 

In fact, he claimed that dreams were responsible for many of his discoveries. 

사실, 그는 자신의 많은 발견들이 꿈의 덕분이라고 주장했다. 

Asking why we dream makes as much sense as questioning why we breathe. 

우리가 왜 꿈꾸는지를 묻는 것은 왜 우리가 숨 쉬는지를 질문하는 것만큼 아주 타당하다. 

Dreaming is an integral part of a healthy life. 

꿈은 건강한 삶의 필수적인 부분이다. 

The great news is that this is true whether or not we remember our dreams. 

아주 좋은 소식은 우리가 우리의 꿈을 기억하든 그렇지 않든 이것은 사실이라는 것이다. 

Many people report being inspired with a new approach for a problem upon awakening, even though they don’t remember the specific dream.

많은 사람들은 비록 자기들이 그 구체적인 꿈을 기억하지는 못하지만 잠에서 깨자마자 문제에 대한 새로운 접근법을 생각하게 되었다고 말한다. 

어법문제

Some believe there is no value (for/to) dreams, but it is wrong to dismiss these nocturnal dramas as irrelevant.  There is something to (gain/be gained) in remembering.  We can feel more (connected/connecting), more complete, and more  on track. We can receive inspiration, information, and comfort. Albert Einstein stated that his theory of relativity (were/was) inspired by a dream. In fact, he claimed that dreams (be/were) responsible for many of his discoveries.  (Asked/Asking) why we  dream makes as much sense as questioning why we breathe. Dreaming is an integral part of a healthy life. The great news is that this is true whether or not we remember our dreams. Many people report (is/being) inspired with a new approach for a  problem upon awakening, even though they don’t remember the specific dream.

4강 Exercise 03

Today’s rapidly changing technological landscape can represent a challenge for consumers who might lack trust in technology and be skeptical of its purported benefits. 

오늘날의 급변하는 기술 환경은, 기술에 대한 신뢰가 부족하고 그것의 이점이라고 알려진 것에 대해 회의적일 수 있는 소비자들에게 어려운 문제를 제기할 수도 있다.

Anthropomorphic thought can help remedy this skepticism and distrust, and is especially consequential in consumer-product  interactions where being mindful and conscious are important criteria for evaluation and accountability. 

의인화된 사고는 이러한 회의와 불신을 사로잡는 데 도움이 될 수 있으며, 유념하고 의식하는 것이 평가와 책임의 중요한 기준이 되는 소비자와 제품 간의 상호 작용에서 특히 중요하다. 

For example, in a vehicle simulation study, Waytz and colleagues found that participants reported higher levels of trust in autonomous vehicles (e.g., self-driving cars) that featured anthropomorphic cues (e.g., a name, gender, voice) than in those vehicles  that lacked anthropomorphic cues. 

예를 들어, 차량 시뮬레이션 연구에서 Waytz와 동료들은 참여자들이 의인화된 신호가 부족한 차량보다 의인화된 신호(예를 들면, 이름, 성별, 목소리)를 특징으로 자율주행차량(예를 들어 스스로 운전하는 차)에 대한 신뢰도가 더 높다고 말하는 것을 발견했다. 

Moreover, participants in the simulated anthropomorphized vehicle felt less stressed from an observer’s point of view, and in the event of an accident, were less likely to blame their vehicles. 

더욱이, 시뮬레이션된 의인화된 차량의 참여자들은 관찰자의 관점에서 스트레스를 덜 받는다고 느꼈고, 사고가 발생한 경우에 자기들의 차량을 탓할 가능성이 더 적었다. 

어법문제

Today’s rapidly (changed/changing) technological landscape can represent a challenge for consumers (who/which) might  lack  trust in technology and be skeptical of its purported benefits.  Anthropomorphic thought can help remedy this skepticism and (distrusted/distrust), and is especially consequential in consumer-product  interactions (where/which) being mindful and  conscious are important criteria for evaluation and accountability.  For example, in a vehicle simulation study, Waytz and colleagues found that participants reported higher levels of trust in autonomous vehicles (e.g., self-driving cars) that (featuring/featured) anthropomorphic cues (e.g., a name, gender, voice) than in  those vehicles that (lacking/lacked) anthropomorphic cues.  Moreover, participants in the (simulating/simulated) anthropomorphized vehicle felt less stressed from an observer’s point of view, and in the event of an accident, were less likely to blame their vehicles. 

4강 Exercise 04

Corporations establish rewards to drive performance. 

기업은 실적을 추진하기 위해 보상을 제정한다. 

Often these rewards focus on meeting budgets and avoiding risk. 

흔히 이런 보상은 예산에 맞추고 위험을 피하는데 중점을 둔다. 

Rewards of this type cause managers to invest in safe products that pose little chance of a big loss but also little chance of a big profit. 

이런 유형의 보상은 관리자로 하여금 큰 손실을 볼 가능성이 거의 없을 뿐만 아니라 큰 이득을 볼 가능성도 거의 없는 안전한 제품에 투자하게 한다. 

These rewards totally block any motivation to explore riskier paths. 

이런 보상은 더 모험적인 길을 탐색하려는 욕구는 무엇이든 완전히 차단한다. 

The companies reward the speed at which low-risk products are created and marketed, even if they are hoping for radical new ideas.  

기업은 급진적인 새로운 아이디어를 바란다고 해도, (실패) 위험이 적은 제품이 만들어져서 팔리는 속도에 보상을 준다. 

The outcome is little appetite for risk and an overdose of incremental ideas. 

그 결과로 모험에 대한 욕구는 거의 없어지고, 서서히 나아지는[혁신적이지 않은] 아이디어의 양은 과다해진다.

Interestingly, managers get frustrated with the outcome, blind to the behavior that the organization is explicitly or implicitly  rewarding. 

 흥미롭게도, 관리자들은 그 조직이 명시적으로나 암묵적으로 보상하고 있는 그 행위는 깨닫지 못하고 그 결과에 좌절한다. 

A badly designed measurement or reward system mutes the rest of the rules, even if optimally designed.

잘못 고안된 평가 혹은 보상 체계는 최적으로 고안된다고 해도 나머지 규정들을 약화시킨다.  

어법문제

Corporations (are established/establish) rewards to drive performance.  Often these rewards focus on meeting budgets and avoiding risk. Rewards of this type cause managers to invest in safe products that (posed/pose) little chance of a big loss but also little chance of a big profit.  These rewards totally block any motivation (to explore/exploring) riskier paths. The companies reward the speed at which low-risk products are (creating/created) and marketed, even if they are (hoping/hoped) for radical new ideas.  The outcome is little appetite for risk and an overdose of incremental ideas. Interestingly, managers get frustrated with the outcome, blind to the behavior that the organization is explicitly or implicitly (rewarded/rewarding). A badly designed measurement or reward system mutes the rest of the rules, even if optimally designed.

4강 Exercise 05

Values and their supporting beliefs are lenses through which we see the world. 

가치와 그것을 지지하는 신념은 우리가 세상을 보는 렌즈이다. 

The views that these lenses provide are often of what life ought to be like, not what it is. 

이 렌즈가 제공하는 경관은 흔히 삶이 무엇인지가 아니라 삶이 어떠‘해야 하는지’에 관한 것이다. 

For example, Americans value individualism so highly that they tend to see almost everyone as free and equal in pursuing the goal of success. 

예를 들어, 미국인들은 개인주의를 높이 평가하여 성공의 목표를 추구함에 있어 거의 모든 사람을 자유롭고 평등하게 보는 경향이 있다. 

This value blinds them to the significance of the circumstances that keep people from achieving success. 

이 가치는 사람들로 하여금 성공을 달성하지 못하게 하는 상황의 중요성을 보지 못하게 한다.

The dire consequences of family poverty, parents’ low education, and dead-end jobs tend to drop from sight. 

가족의 빈곤, 부모의 낮은 교육, 그리고 장래성이 없는 직업의 결과는 안 보이게 되기 싶다. 

Instead, Americans see the unsuccessful as not taking advantage of opportunities, or as having some inherent laziness or dull minds. 

대신에, 미국인들은 성공하지 못한 사람들을 기회를 이용하지 못하거나, 어느 정도 타고난 게으름이나 우둔한 머리를 가진 것으로 여긴다. 

And they “know” they are right, because the mass media dangle before their eyes enticing stories of individuals who have succeeded despite the greatest of handicaps.

그리고 그들은 그들이 옳다는 것을 ‘아는데’, 왜냐하면 대중 매체가 엄청나게 불리한 조건에도 불구하고 성공한 사람들에 대한 매혹적인 이야기를 그들의 눈앞에 제시하기 때문이다.

어법문제

Values and their supporting beliefs are lenses through (where/which) we see the world.  The views that these lenses provide are often (of what/ of which) life ought to be like, not what it is.  For example, Americans value individualism so (high/highly) that they tend to see almost everyone as free and equal in (to pursue/pursuing) the goal of success. This value blinds them to the significance of the circumstances that (kept/keep) people from achieving success. The dire consequences of family poverty, parents’ low education, and dead-end jobs tend to drop  from sight. Instead, Americans see the unsuccessful as not (taken/taking) advantage of opportunities, or as having  some inherent laziness or dull minds. And they “know” they are right, because the mass media dangle before their eyes (enticed/enticing) stories of individuals who (have been succeding/have succeeded) (though/despite) the greatest of handicaps. 

4강 Exercise 06

  I would guess that there are a few dancers who believe, as I once did, that injuries are caused primarily by accidents: slipping, tripping, running into someone or something, or forgetting to point your foot at the right instant and inadvertently twisting your ankle. 

내가 전에 그랬던 것처럼, 부상이 미끄러짐, 발을 헛디딤, 사람이나 물건과 부딪침, 혹은 적절한 순간에 여러분 발의 끝을 세우는 것을 잊어서 본의 아니게 발목을 삐는 것과 같은 사고로 인해 주로 일어난다고 믿는 무용수들이 몇 명 있을 것 같다.

But the longer I’ve danced, the more I’ve understood that accidents are quite rare as causes of dance injuries. 

그러나 내가 춤을 더 오랜 시간 동안 출수록, 무용에서 발생하는 부상의 원인이 사고인 경우가 상당히 드물다는 것을 더 많이 이해하게 되었다. 

The majority of injuries are caused — and prevented — by how you work at your dancing, consistently and over time. 

부상의 대다수는 여러분이 지속적으로 그리고 시간이 지나면서 춤을 출 때 어떻게 몸이 움직이느냐에 따라 발생하고 또 방지될 수 있다. 

Working incorrectly just once usually won’t hurt you: your body is quite resilient and can bounce back from some amount of abuse. 

 한 번만 부정확하게 춤을 추는 것은 대개 여러분이 다치게 하지 않는데 여러분의 신체는 상당히 회복력이 있고 어느 정도의 혹사로부터 다시 회복될 수 있다.

But if you work incorrectly again and again, class after class, performance after performance, day after day, and year after year, your body — or some part of it — will finally give out. 

 그러나 여러분이 매 수업 시간, 매 공연, 매일, 그리고 매년 계속해서 부정확하게 춤을 추면, 여러분의 신체, 혹은 그것의 어떤 부위가 결국 제대로 작동하지 않게 될 것이다. 

It will simply refuse to function anymore.

그것은 그야말로 더는 기능하기를 거부할 것이다.  

어법문제

  I would guess that there are a few dancers who believe, as I once (was/did), that injuries are caused primarily by accidents:  slipping, tripping, running into someone or something, or forgetting to point your foot at the right (instant/instantly) and  inadvertently twisting your ankle. But the longer I’ve danced, the (most/more) I’ve understood that accidents are quite (rare/rarely)  as causes of dance injuries.  The majority of injuries are (causing/caused )— and prevented — by how you work  at your dancing, (consistent/consistently) and over time.  Working incorrectly just once usually won’t hurt you: your body is quite resilient and can (be bounced/bounce) back from  some amount of abuse. But if you work (incorrectly/correctly) again and again, class after class, performance after  performance, day after day, and year after year, your body — or some part of it — will finally give out. It will simply refuse (function/to function) anymore.

4강 Exercise 07

The answer to the question about the fading of colour in painting (and in fabric) is fairly simple. 

그림에서 (또는 옷감에서) 색이 바래는 것에 대한 질문의 답은 상당히 간단하다. 

Ultraviolet radiation is a high energy form of light and, as sunbathers are only too aware, is present in ordinary daylight. 

자외선은 고에너지 형태의 빛이고, 일광욕하는 사람들이라면 너무나도 잘 알고 있는 바와 같이, 일상적인 햇빛 속에 존재하고 있다. 

Over time, ultraviolet radiation can gradually break up the molecules in pigment, leaving smaller, colourless molecules as products. 

시간이 지남에 따라 자외선은 점차로 색소 속에 있는 분자를 쪼개서 더 작고 색깔이 없는 분자를 그 결과물로 남길 수 있다. 

There is also a second process of degradation in which pigment molecules may react chemically with oxygen molecules in the atmosphere, a process known as oxidation. 

또한 색소 분자가 대기 중의 산소 분자와 화학적으로 반응할 수 있는 산화라고 알려진 2차 분해 과정도 있다. 

As with photolysis, this alters the structure of the molecule and, as a consequence, changes the manner in which it absorbs light of various colours. 

광분해에서처럼, 이것은 (색소) 분자의 구조를 바꾸고 그 결과, 그것(색소 분자)이 다양한 색깔의 빛을 흡수하는 방식을 변화시킨다. 

As the amount of coloured pigment in a given area on a canvas gradually diminishes, so the colour seems to us, as onlookers, to fade. 

캔버스의 특정 부분에 있는 유색 색소의 양이 점차적으로 줄어들면서 그렇게 지켜보는 사람인 우리에게도 그 색은 바래는 것처럼 보인다.

So a given pigment doesn’t actually change colour: it simply becomes weaker in the mix of pigments over time.

 따라서 특정 색소가 실제로 색을 바꾸는 것이 아니라, 시간이 지남에 따라 혼합되어 있는 색소들 속에서 묽어져갈 뿐이다.  

어법문제

The answer to the question about the (faded/fading) of colour in painting (and in fabric) is fairly simple. Ultraviolet radiation is a high energy form of light and, as sunbathers are only too aware, (is/are) present in ordinary daylight.  Over time, ultraviolet radiation can gradually (be broken/break) up the  molecules in pigment, leaving smaller, colourless molecules as products. There is also a second process of degradation in (what/which) pigment molecules may react (chemical/chemically) with oxygen molecules in the atmosphere, a process  known as oxidation.  As with photolysis, this alters the structure of the molecule and, as a consequence, (is changed/changes) the manner in (that/which) it absorbs light of various colours.  As the amount of coloured pigment in a given area on a canvas gradually diminishes, so the colour seems to us, as onlookers, to fade. So a (given /giving) pigment doesn’t actually change colour: it simply becomes weaker in the mix of pigments over time. 

4강 Exercise 08

  Since the pull of gravity influences the stability of the body during the performance of physical activity, the balance or appropriate distribution of those gravitational forces upon the body is essential to promoting stability or ‘balance’. The location of the centre of gravity, or the point around which the mass or sum of gravitational forces is equally distributed or ‘balanced’, is thus of vital importance in the performance of physical skills. 

중력의 당김이 신체 활동 수행 중에 신체의 안정성에 영향을 미치기 때문에, 신체에 대한 중력의 균형, 즉 적절한 분배는 안정성, 즉 ‘균형’을 촉진하는데 필수적이다. 따라서 무게 중심, 즉 그 주위로 질량 또는 중력이 합이 균일하게 분포하거나 ‘균형이 잡힌’ 지점의 위치는 신체 기능 수행에 있어 대단히 중요하다. 

We know that the lower the centre of gravity and the closer it is to the base of support, the more stable an object. 

우리는 무게 중심이 더 낮고 지지 기반에 가까워질수록 물체가 더 안정적이라는 것을 알고 있다. 

Thus when rugby players scrummage they attempt to get their body weight as low as possible to avoid being pushed backwards. 

따라서 럭비 선수들이 스크럼을 짤 때 그들은 뒤로 밀리는 것을 피하기 위해 그들의 체중[체중 중심]을 가능한 한 낮게 두려고 노력한다. 

Likewise, when those involved in a tug-of-war  pull  on the rope  they try to lower their  centre of gravity by leaning  backwards and planting their feet well in front of them to increase stability and decrease their chances of being pulled forward by their opponents.

마찬가지로 줄다리기에 참여한 사람들이 줄을 당길 때는, 안정성을 높이고 상대편에 의해 자신들이 앞으로 끌려갈 가능성을 줄이기 위해 뒤로 몸을 기울이고 발을 자신들의 앞에 잘 자리 잡도록 하여 무게 중심을 낮추려고 노력한다.  

어법문제

  Since the pull of gravity influences the stability of the body (during/while) the performance of physical activity, the balance or  appropriate distribution of those gravitational forces upon the body (being/is) essential to promoting stability or ‘balance’.  The location of the centre of gravity, or the point around (which/where) the mass or sum of gravitational forces is equally  (distributing/distributed)or ‘balanced’, is thus of vital importance in the performance of physical skills. We know that the lower the centre of gravity and the (closer/close) it is to the base of support, the more stable an object.  Thus when rugby players scrummage they attempt to get their body weight as low as possible to avoid (to push/being pushed) backwards.  Likewise, when those involved in a tug-of-war pull on the rope they try (to lower/ lowering) their centre  of gravity by leaning backwards and planting their feet well in front of them to increase stability and (decreased/decrease)  their chances of being pulled forward by their opponents. 

3강 Exercise 05

  You can save yourself a lot of time and energy if, over the next few years, you give serious consideration to what is most important to you and what you want to do with your life. 

앞으로 다가올 몇 년 동안, 무엇이 자신에게 가장 중요한지와 인생을 어떻게 할지를 진지하게 고려한다면, 여러분은 스스로에게 많은 시간과 에너지를 절약할 수 있다. 

Avoid the myth, however, that you are supposed to come up with some ambitious, detailed life plan and then follow it until the end of the rainbow. 

그러나 야심차고 세부적인 삶의 계획을 세우고 그런 다음 무지개의 끝까지(꿈이 이루어 질 때 까지) 그것을 따라야 한다는 근거 없는 믿음을 피하라.

Things happen that are unexpected and unforeseen. 

 예기치 못한 뜻밖의 상황이 발생한다. 

Events in the world will alter the landscape. 

세상의 사건들이 상황을 바꿀 것이다. 

Opportunities will come your way that you never would have considered before. 

여러분이 결코 전에 고려하지 않았을 기회가 올 것이다. 

Friendships and networking will open up other possibilities. 

교우 관계와 인적 정보망의 형성이 다른 가능성을 열어 줄 것이다. 

Your priorities and values will evolve as you gain new experiences and are exposed to other options. 

새로운 경험을 얻고 다른 선택들을 접하게 되면서 여러분의 우선사항과 가치가 진전될 것이다. 

Anything you plan now will likely shift as you learn new things, develop new skills, and grow in new directions. 

새로운 것을 배우고, 새로운 기술을 개발하고, 새로운 방향으로 성장함에 따라 지금 계획하고 있는 어떤 것이라도 어쩌면 바뀔 것이다. 

In fact, it is imperative that you remain open to these changes.

사실, 여러분은 이러한 변화에 열린 자세를 가져야 한다. 

어법문제

  You can save yourself (many/a lot of) time and energy if, over the next few years, you give serious consideration (on/to) what is most important to you and what you want to do with your life. Avoid the myth, however, that you are supposed (to come/coming) up with some ambitious, (detail/detailed) life plan and then follow it until the end of the rainbow.  Things happen that (is/are) unexpected and unforeseen.  Events in the world will (be altered/alter) the landscape.  Opportunities will come your way that you never would (consider/have considered) before.  Friendships and networking will (be opened/open) up other possibilities.  Your priorities and values will evolve as you gain new experiences and (expose/are exposed) to other options.  Anything you plan now will likely shift as you learn new things, (developing/develop) new skills, and (growing/grow) in new directions. In fact, it is imperative that you remain (openly/open) to these changes.

3강 Exercise 06

 
If you have a new job, and you are going to resign from your current job, may I make a common sense suggestion? 

여러분이 새로운 직장을 구해서 현재의 직장에서 사직할 예정이라면, 상식적인 제안을 하나 해도 되겠는가? 

Unless there is a very special circumstance, I strongly suggest you not resign from your current job with only the verbal agreement or an informal email telling you that you have the future job. 

매우 특별한 상황이 있는 경우가 아니라면, 여러분이 구두합의나 그 미래의 직장을 구했음을 알려주는 비공식적인 이메일만을 가지고 현재의 직장에서 사직하지 ‘말라고’ 강력하게 제안한다. 

I get chills up my spine when people do this or even consider it. 

사람들이 이렇게 할 때나 심지어 이것을 고려할 때 나는 등골이 오싹해지는 느낌이 든다. 

There is still that chance something unforeseen could happen between the verbal offer and actuality. 

구두로 받은 제안과 실제 사이에서 뭔가 예기치 않은 것이 발생할 그 가능성이 여전히 있다.

You should announce your intention to resign from the job only when you have in your possession a written and signed offer or employment contract, on company letterhead, with an accompanying start date for your new job. 

회사 이름이 인쇄된 편지지 위에 새로운 직장에서 일을 시작할 날짜와 나란히 명시된, 글로 쓰이고 서명된 제안이나 혹은 고용 계약서를 수중에 넣었을 때만 직장에서 사직할 의향을 발표해야 한다. 

For me, this is as much an issue of common sense as suggesting you should look both ways before crossing a street.

나의 경우, 이것은 길을 건너기 전에 양쪽을 보라고 권하는 만큼이나 상식적인 문제이다. 

어법문제

  If you have a new job, and you are going to (resignation/resign) from your current job, may I make a common sense  suggestion?  (If/Unless) there is a very special circumstance, I strongly suggest you not (resigning/resign) from your  current job with only the verbal agreement or an informal email telling you that you have the future job.  I get chills up my spine when people do this or even (considered/consider) it.  There is still that chance (anything/something) unforeseen could happen between the verbal offer and actuality. You should announce your intention (resigning/to resign) from the job only when you have in your possession a written and (sign/signed) offer or employment  contract, on company letterhead, with an accompanying start date for your new job. For me, this is as (many/much) an issue of  common sense as suggesting you should look both ways before crossing a street.

3강 Exercise 07

Whether you’re a wrestler planning to win a league title next season, or a student with an entrepreneurial spirit who wants to start your own business and build a successful career, you need to plan the right steps. 

다음 시즌에 리그 선수권 우승을 계획하고 있는 레슬링 선수든, 자기 자신의 사업을 시작해서 성공적인 경력을 쌓기 원하는 기업가 정신을 가진 학생이든, 여러분은 올바른 단계를 계획할 필요가 있다. 

And don’t get caught up in thinking that any success you experience as a student has no bearing on, or relationship to, future success in the “real” world. 

그리고 학생으로서 여러분이 경험하는 어떤 성공이라도 ‘현실’ 세계에서의 미래의 성공과는 관계나 관련이 없다고 생각하는 것에 사로잡히지 마라. 

You are in the “real” world — your world. 

여러분은 ‘현실’ 세계에 즉 ‘여러분’의 세계 속에 ‘존재하고 있다’.

Success now breeds success later, even if the fields or venues change. 

분야나 현장이 바뀌긴 하지만, 현재의 성공은 나중의 성공을 낳는다. 

Don’t discount what you might consider “small” successes. 

여러분이 ‘하찮은’ 성공이라고 생각할 수도 있는 것을 무시하지 마라. 

Michael Jordan’s first step to basketball success was making his high school team after being cut earlier. 

Michael Jordan이 농구에서의 성공을 향해 내디딘 첫걸음은, 앞서 탈락된 후에 자신의 고등학교 팀에 들어가는 것이었다. 

Your successes — however great or small — in academics, social clubs, fine arts, or sports can pave the way to future success. 

학과목, 사교 클럽, 미술, 또는 스포츠에서의 여러분의 성공은, 아무리 크건 작건 간에, 장래의 성공에 이르는 길을 닦아 줄 수 있다. 

What’s important at the moment is not how much you achieve, but how much you learn about the process of achieving. 

바로 지금 중요한 것은 여러분이 얼마나 많이 성취하느냐가 아니라, 성취 과정에 대해 여러분이 얼마나 많이 익히느냐이다. 

Because once you learn the process, you can apply it in the field or area of your choice, where you want to use the gifts you have.

일단 그 과정을 익히게 되면, 여러분은 자신이 선택한 분야나 영역, 즉 여러분이 가진 재능을 사용하고 싶은 곳에서 그것을 적용할 수 있기 때문이다.

어법문제

Whether you’re a wrestler planning to win a league title next season, or a student with an entrepreneurial spirit (which/who) wants to start your own business and(built/ build) a successful career, you need to plan the right steps.  And don’t get caught up in thinking that any success you experience as a student (have/has) no bearing on, or relationship to,  future success in the “real” world. You are in the “real” world — your world. (Succeed/Success) now breeds success later,  even if the fields or venues change. Don’t discount (where/what) you might consider “small” successes.  Michael Jordan’s first step to basketball success (were/was) making his high school team after (cutting/being cut) earlier.  Your successes — however great or small — in academics, social clubs, fine arts, or sports can pave the way (for/to) future  success. What’s important at the moment is not how much you achieve, but how much you learn about the process of achieving. Because (unless/once) you learn the process, you can apply it in the field or area of your choice, (which/where) you want to use the  gifts you have.

3강 Exercise 08

Whenever our urge is to fight a specific biological change, we should ask the following triplet of questions. 

우리의 욕구가 특정한 생물학적 변화에 저항하고자 할 때마다 우리는 다음의 세 개의 질문을 해 봐야 한다. 

Will our efforts have made much difference a few hundred years hence? 

우리의 노력이 지금부터 수백 년 후에 많은 차이를 가져올 것인가? 

If not, this means we are fighting a battle we will inevitably lose. 

만약 아니라면, 이것은 우리가 필연적으로 패배할 싸움을 하고 있다는 것을 의미한다. 

Next, will our great-grandchildren’s great-grandchildren be that bothered if the state of the world has been altered,  given that  they will not know exactly how it is today? 

다음으로, 우리의 증손주의 증손주가 그들이 정확하게 오늘날이 어떤지 알지 못할 것을 고려하면, 세계의상태가 달라진다 하더라도 (그 달라진 상태를) 그렇게 신경을 쓸까(개의할까)?

If the answer to this second question is no, this means we are fighting battles we do not need to win. 

 만약 이 두 번째 질문에 대한 답이 아니다라면 이것은 우리가 이길 필요가 없는 싸움을 하고 있다는 것을 의미한다.

If change is inevitable, which it is, we should then ask a third question: how can we maximize the benefits that our descendants derive from the natural world? 

만약 변화가 필연적이라면, 사실 그렇기도 한데, 그러면 우리는 세 번째 질문을 해야 한다. 자연계에서 우리의 후손이 이끌어 낼 이득을 어떻게 극대화 할 수 있는가?

In other words, how can we promote changes that might be favourable to the future human condition, as well as avoid the losses of species that might be important in unknown ways in future?

다시 말하면, 우리는 어떻게 알지 못하는 방식으로  미래에 중요할지도 모르는 종의 손실을 피할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 미래 인류의 상황에 유리할 수 있는 변화를 촉진 할 수 있을 것인가? 

어법문제

  Whenever our urge is to fight a specific biological change, we should ask the following triplet of questions. Will our efforts have made much difference a few hundred years hence? If not, this means we are fighting a battle we (would/will) inevitably lose.  Next, will our great-grandchildren’s great-grandchildren be that (bothering/bothered) if the state of the world  (has been altered/has been altering), given that they will not know exactly how (is it/it is) today?  If the answer to this second question is no, this means we are fighting battles we do not need to win. If change is inevitable, which it is, we should then ask a third question: how can we maximize the benefits that our descendants (deriving/derive) from  the natural world? In other words, how can we promote changes that might be favourable to the future human condition, as well as avoid the losses of species that might be important in unknown ways in future?

답은 본문에서 직접 확인하세요^^ 아래 링크에 본문 있어요

https://englishmaterial.tistory.com/10

[1-3] 다음 글을 읽고, 물을에 답하시오.

In addition, the yellow fruit on the table brings out positive and cheerful emotions.

At the same time, the green and blue space outside the window causes healing and relaxing feelings.

[가.The existence of these cool colors actually make the "heaviness" of the red colors appear a bit lighter.]

(                       ) the color red is dominant, it works together with the various contrasting colors to form a harmony.

Seeing this balance keeps you from becoming (A.overwhelm) by your emotions and helps you overcome your anger.

As the painting's title suggests, this must be the power of the harmony in red.

1. 윗 글 (              ) 사이에서 들어갈 알맞은 말은? 

(1) Since    (2) For this reason   (3) If  (4) Although   (5) However 

2. 윗 글에 A를 알맞은 형태로 고치시오.

3. 윗 글 가.문장에서 틀린 부분을 찾아 쓰고 고치시오.

[4-6] 다음 지문을 읽고, 문제를 푸세요.

Jonathan Livingston Seagull knows that he's different from others.

[가. Instead of fighting over food with other seagulls, Jonathan spends all his time to learn about flying.]

Every day, he practices new skills by rolling, spinning, and diving high above the sea.

During one of his practices, Jonathan flies through his flock.

He expects the others (A.to praise) his amazing ability.

Instead, they look at him coldly as they now consider him unfit to be a part of the flock.

Jonathan tries his beat (B.rejoin ) the flock, but he's no longer satisfied flying in formation with the other seagulls as he knows how wonderful soaring above the clouds really feels.

If you have ever felt a little bit different, take Jonathan Livingston Seagull's message to heart.

Don't be afraid of being different.

4. 윗 글의 가.문장에서 틀린 부분을 찾아 쓰고 고치세요.

5. A.to praise 와 같은 용법이 아닌 것은?

(1) My cousin wanted me to visit her place.

(2) The doctor allowed James to be discharged last night.

(3) The team asked their customer to fill out the form.

(4) She managed to reconsider the plan B.

(5) His article warns us to be aware of the problem.

6. B.rejoin의 알맞은 형태는?

(1) rejoin   (2) rejoined  (3) to rejoin  (4) rejoining  (5) was rejoined 

[7-10] 다음 글을 읽고 문제를 푸세요.

Learn from Walter.

[가.Don't sit around and dreamt about your next adventure - just go ahead and make it happened.]

Don't wait (a.to/for) the right moment - there is no such thing as the right moment.

Create your own opportunities, (  A   ) everything will fall into place.

Don't worry about not (b.to be/being) brave enough - once you begin making bold choices, courage will follow.

All you need is motivation and this is already (c.beside/inside) of you.

So start living! 

This movie will remind you that [나.당신이 언제든 준비가 된다면 당신의 꿈들은 준비된다]

7. 윗 글 가.문장에서 틀린 부분 2군데를 찾고 고치세요.

8. 윗 글에 a,b,c 에 들어갈 알맞은 것은?

9. 빈 칸 A에 들어갈 알맞은 말은?

(1) or  (2) but (3) and  (4) so  (5) unless 

10. 윗 글 나.문장을 영어로 바꿔 쓸 때, 아래에 들어갈 알맞은 빈칸 6단어는? 

Your __________  ____________ ________________ ________________ ______________ _______________.

[11-15] 다음 글을 읽고, 아래 문제를 푸세요.

Many people think that they should look at calming colors when they are angry or irritated.

(       A         ) the color red excites the emotions, they may think that looking at it will make them angrier.

However, this picture shows that the opposite can be true.

By looking at the color red here, you can release your anger.

This picture is actually helping you calm down.

The woman in the picture is standing in a vividly red room and is placing fruit in a bowl.

She seems to (가.carry) on her work in silence.

As you watch the woman working dutifully at her task in this red room, your anger melts away instead of getting worse.

In addition, the yellow fruit on the table brings out positive and cheerful emotions.

At the same time, the green and blue space outside the window causes healing and relaxing feelings.

The existence of these cool colors actually makes the "heaviness" of the red colors appear a bit lighter.

Although the color red is dominant, it works together with the various contrasting colors to form a (  B  ).

Seeing this balance keeps you (   C   ) becoming overwhelmed by your emotions and helps you overcome your anger.

[나. As the painting's title suggesting, this must be the power of the harmony in red.]

11. 빈 칸 A에 들어갈 알맞은 말은?

(1) However   (2) Once  (3) Since  (4) Despite (5) So  

12. 윗 글에 가.carry 의 알맞은 형태는?

(1) carry  (2) carried (3) carrying  (4) be carrying  (5) be carried 

13. 빈 칸 B에 들어갈 단어로 알맞은 것은?

(1) mismatch  (2) mistake  (3) harmony  (4) difference  (4) good  

14. 빈 칸 C에 들어갈 알맞은 말은?

(1) on  (2) of   (3) from  (4) upon  (5) under 

15. 윗 글 나.문장에서 잘 못된 부분을 찾아 쓰고 고치세요.

[ Gateway ]

War is inconceivable without some image, or concept, of the enemy. 

전쟁은 적에 대한 ‘약간의’ 이미지, 즉 개념 없이는 생각할 수 없다. 

It is the presence of the enemy that gives meaning and justification to war. 

전쟁에 의미와 정당화를 제공하는 것은 바로 적의 존재이다.

‘War follows from feelings of hatred’ wrote Carl Schmitt. 

Carl Schmitt는 이렇게 썼다.

‘War has its own strategic, tactical, and other rules and points of view, but they all presuppose that the political decision has already been made as to who the enemy is’. 

‘전쟁은 증오감을 따라 나온다. 전쟁은 그 나름의 전략적, 전술적, 그리고 여타의 규칙과 관점을 가지고 있지만, 그것들 모두 적이 누구냐에 대해 정치적인 결정이 이미 내려졌다는 것을 상정하고 있다.’ 

The concept of the enemy is fundamental to the moral assessment of war: ‘The basic aim of a nation at war in establishing an image of the enemy is to distinguish as sharply as possible the act of killing from the act of murder’. 

적의 개념은 전쟁의 도덕적 평가에 핵심적이다.  즉 ‘적의 이미지를 확립하는 데 있어서 전쟁을 하고 있는 국가의 기본적인 목표는 죽이는 행위와 살인의 행위를 가능한 한 뚜렷이 구별하는 것이다.’ 

However, we need to be cautious about thinking of war and the image of the enemy that informs it in an abstract and uniform way. 

 하지만, 우리는 전쟁과 그것에 영향을 미치는 적의 이미지를 추상적이고 획일적인 방식으로 생각하는 것에 대해 주의를 할 필요가 있다.

Rather, both must be seen for the cultural and contingent phenomena that they are.

 오히려 둘은 그것들 본연의 문화적이고 불확정적인 현상으로 간주되어야 한다. 

어법문제

War is (conceivable/inconceivable) without  some  image,  or concept,  of the  enemy.  It is the presence of the enemy that (giving/gives) meaning and justification to war.   

‘War follows from feelings of hatred’ (wrote/written by) Carl  Schmitt. 

‘War has its own strategic, tactical, and other rules and points of view, but they all presuppose that the political decision has already (been made/made) as to who the enemy is’. 

The concept of the enemy is fundamental to the moral assessment of war: ‘The basic aim of a nation at war in (established/establishing) an image of the enemy is to distinguish as (sharp/sharply) as possible the  act of killing from the  act  of murder’. 

However, we need to be cautious about thinking of war and the image of the enemy that (informing/informs) it in an abstract  and uniform way. 

Rather, both must (be seen/see) for the cultural and contingent phenomena that they are.

3강 Exercise 01

Three-year-olds don’t have to deal with the same rules and realities adults do. 

3살배기 아이들은 어른들이 다루는 것과 똑같은 규칙들과 현실을 다룰 필요가 없다. 

Because of that, children tend to be more imaginative and creative with their ideas. 

그렇기 때문에, 아이들은 아이디어 면에서 상상력이 더 풍부하고 창의적인 경향이 있다. 

They see possibilities where the rest of us see rules, boundaries, or impossibilities. 

아이들은 나머지 우리가 규칙, 한계 또는 불가능성을 보는 곳에서 가능성을 본다. 

That’s why they’re famous for writing on walls — you see a perfectly painted living room that shouldn’t be touched: they see a blank canvas. 

그러한 이유로 아이들이 벽에 뭔가를 쓰는 것으로 잘 알려져 있는데 여러분은 건드리면 안 될 완벽하게 색칠된 거실을 보지만, 아이들은 빈 캔버스를 본다.

Even if it’s just for 30 minutes, seeing life from the angle of a semi-careless child can give you a new perspective on how you  spend your time and deal with household problems or work challenges. 

비록 불과 30분이라 해도, 어느 정도 근심 없는 아이의 관점에서 삶을 바라보는 것은 여러분이 시간을 보내고 가정 문제나 직장 문제를 다루는 방법에 대한 새로운 관점을 여러분에게 줄 수 있다. 

For that reason alone, it’s valuable to imagine yourself acting as you would if you were just a child: free-spirited, boundless,  uncontrollably creative, and unafraid to try new things.

그러한 이유만으로도 만약 여러분이 그저 어린 아이라면 행동하게 될 것처럼 자유분방하고, 거침이 없고, 통제할 수 없을 정도로 창의적이고 새로운 것을 시도하는 것을 두려워하지 않으며 행동하는 자신을 상상해 보는 것은 가치 있는 일이다. 

어법문제

Three-year- olds don’t have to deal with the same rules and realities adults are. (1)    

(Despite/Because) of that, children tend to be more imaginative and creative with their ideas.   

They see possibilities (which/where) the rest of us see rules, boundaries, or impossibilities. 

That’s why they’re famous (to/for) writing on walls — you see a perfectly painted living room that shouldn’t be  (touching/touched): they see a blank canvas. 

Even if it’s just for 30 minutes, see life from the angle of a semi-careless child can give to you a new perspective on how you  spend your time and dealing with household problems or work challenges. (3)

For that reason alone, it’s valuable to imagine yourself (to acct/acting) as you would if you (had been/were) just a child: free-spirited, boundless,  uncontrollably creative, and unafraid to try new things.

3강 Exercise 02

Most linguists and local community members agree that education and literacy in the local language are necessary to maintain vitality, or to revitalize a language threatened with endangerment. 

대부분의 언어학자와 지역 공동체 구성원들은 현지어로 하는 교육과 그 언어를 읽고 쓸 수 있는 능력이 (언어의) 생명력을 유지하거나 멸종 위기의 위협을 받고 있는 언어에 새로운 활력을 주는데 필수적이라는데 동의한다. 

Some local communities reject this notion, wanting to preserve their oral traditions and to rely solely on them. 

어떤 지역 공동체들은 이러한 생각을 거부하고, 자신들의 구어적 전통을 지키고 오직 그것에만 의존하기를 원한다. 

There is, however, a cost to this decision, as it limits the domains in which the language can be used. 

그러나 이러한 결정은 언어가 사용될 수 있는 범위를 제한하기 때문에 대가가 따른다. 

Regardless, most regard literacy as essential for local languages. 

여하튼, 대부분은 읽고 쓸 수 있는 능력을 현지어에 필수적인 것으로 간주한다. 

Yet more than half of all languages have no written form, and so a writing system needs to be developed for them in order to use them in education and literacy programs. 

하지만 모든 언어의 절반 이상은 문자 형태를 가지고 있지 않으며, 따라서 그런 언어들을 교육과 읽고 쓰기 과정에서 이용하기 위해서는 문자체계가 개발될 필요가 있다. 

Basic pedagogical and reference materials are needed, including textbooks, dictionaries and usable descriptive grammars. 

교과서, 사전, 활용 가능한 기술문법책을 포함하여 기본적인 교육적 자료와 참고용 자료가 필요하다.

Such materials are readily available for languages of wider communication, but not for the majority of local languages. 

그러한 자료들은 보다 널리 소통되는 언어들의 경우에는 손쉽게 활용할 수 있지만, 대부분의 현지어에 있어서는 그렇지 않다. 

In addition, reading material is needed for literacy as well.

 게다가 읽고 쓰는 능력을 위해서는 읽기 자료도 또한 필요하다. 

어법문제

Most linguists and local community members agree that education and literacy in the local language is necessary to maintain  vitality, or to revitalize a language threatening with endangerment.  (2)

Some local communities reject this notion, (wanted/wanting) to preserve their oral traditions and to rely (sole/solely) on them. 

There is, however, a cost to this decision, as it (is limited/ limits) the domains in which the language can be used. 

Regardless, most regard literacy as essential for local languages. 

Yet more than half of all languages (has/have) no written form, and so a (writing/written) system needs  to be developed for  them in order to use them in education and literacy programs. 

Basic pedagogical and reference materials are needed, (includes/including) textbooks, dictionaries and usable descriptive  grammars. 

Such materials are readily available for languages of wider communication, but not for the majority of local languages. 

In addition, reading material is needed (to/for) literacy as well.

3강 Exercise 03

There is a misconception that older people belong to a special tribe, all with the same problems, opinions and attitudes. 

고령자는 모두 똑같은 문제와 의견과 태도를 가진 특별한 집단에 속해 있다는 오해가 있다. 

Yet older people are just as different from each other as are members of younger generational groups. 

그러나 고령자는 젊은 세대 집단의 구성원들만큼이나 서로 다르다. 

How can it be otherwise in view of the wide range of different experiences everyone has as their life progresses from childhood to old age? 

어린 시절에서 노년으로 그들의 삶이 진행되면서 모든 사람이 가지는 광범위한 다양한 경험을 고려해 볼 때 어떻게 그렇지 않을 수가 있겠는가? 

There are differences formed by family backgrounds, education, careers and relationships. 

가족 배경, 교육, 직업 및 인간관계에 의해 형성된 차이점들이 있다. 

All these help shape a person’s character and outlook on life. 

이 모든 것들이 한 사람의 성격과 인생관을 형성하는 데 도움을 준다. 

This does not confer superior virtues on the elderly. 

이것이 고령자에게 우월한 장점을 부여하지는 못한다. 

They may have wisdom, good humour and tolerance, but are just as likely to be cantankerous, boring and narrow-minded.

그들은 지혜와 쾌활함 그리고 관용을 가지고 있을지도 모르지만, 그만큼 성미가 고약하고 지루하며 편협한 마음을 가지고 있을 가능성도 있다.  

Like everyone else, the old are a mixed bunch, but each is an individual with their own particular interests and personality.

다른 모든 사람처럼, 고령자는 하나의 혼합된 집단이지만, (구성원) 각각은 자신만의 특별한 관심사와 성격을 가진 한 개인이다. 

어법문제

There is a misconception that older people (are belonged /belong) to a special tribe, all with the same problems, opinions  and  attitudes. 

Yet older people are just as different from each other as do members of younger generational groups. (1)

How it can be otherwise in view of the wide range of different experiences everyone have as their life progresses  from childhood to old age? (2)

There are differences (forming/formed by) family backgrounds, education, careers and relationships. 

All these help shapes a person’s character and outlook on life. (1)

This does not (be conferred/confer) superior virtues on the elderly. 

They may have wisdom, good humour and tolerance, but are just as likely to be cantankerous, boring and narrow-minding. (1)

Like everyone else, the old are a mixing bunch, but each are an individual with their own particular interests and personality.(2)

3강 Exercise 04

 

While we usually think negatively of deviance, it actually can prove functional in a society. 

우리는 대개 일탈에 대해 부정적으로 생각하지만, 그것은 실제로 사회에서 기능을 하는 것으로 판명될 수도 있다. 

Any hostility toward deviants promotes behavioral conformity with social expectations. 

일탈 행위자에 대한 반감은 어떤 것이든 사회의 기대에 맞추는 행동상의 순응을 촉진한다. 

It strengthens group identity by separating the nonconforming from the well-behaved members centering on an agreement on  the norms. 

그것은 규범에 대한 동의에 초점을 맞추어 규범을 따르지 않는 구성원과 행실이 좋은 구성원을 구별함으로써 집단 정체성을 강화한다. 

We may be familiar with the phrase “the exception makes the rule.” 

우리에게는 ‘예외가 규칙을 만든다.’라는 경구가 친숙할지도 모르겠다.

Deviance shows us the boundary, or line, that must not be crossed, highlighting not only the importance of the norm but its relative permissible zone for behavior. 

일탈은 우리에게 넘어서는 안 되는 경계 즉, 선을 보여주어, 규범의 중요성뿐만 아니라 그것이 허용해 줄 수 있는 상대적 행동 범위 또한 강조한다. 

For example, if there is a rule that “food is not permitted in the classroom,’ a person with the candy bar or bag of chips might not be admonished by the teacher; yet a person arriving to class with a fast-food meal experiences rebuke and ejection. 

예를 들어, ‘교실 내에서는 음식이 허용되지 않는다.’라는 규칙이 있다면, 초코바나 포테이토칩 봉지를 든 사람은 교사에 의해 훈계 받지 않을 수 있지만, 패스트푸드 음식을 들고 수업에 들어오는 사람은 꾸지람을 듣고 (수업에서) 쫓겨난다. 

Others in the class now know where the line is drawn and can adjust their patterns of behavior accordingly.

수업을 듣는 다른 사람들은 이제 어디에 선이 그어져 있는지 알고 자신의 행동 양식을 그것에 맞게 조정할 수 있다. 

어법문제

While we usually think (negative /negatively) of deviance, it actually can (be proved/prove) functional in a society. 

Any hostility toward deviants promotes (behaviorally/behavioral) conformity with social expectations. 

It (strengthens/is strengthened) group identity by separating the nonconforming from the well-behaved members (centered/centering) on an agreement on  the norms. 

We may be familiar with the phrase “the exception (is made by/makes) the rule.” 

Deviance shows us to the boundary, or line, that must not crosse, highlights not only the importance of  the norm  but its relative permissible zone for behavior. (3)

For example, if there is a rule that “food is not permitted in the classroom,’ a person with the candy bar or bag of chips might not be (complimented/admonished) by the teacher; yet a person (arrives/arriving) to class with a fast-food meal experiences  rebuke and ejection. 

Others in the class now know (when/where) the line is drawn and can adjust their patterns of behavior accordingly.

[ Gateway ]

The waves were perfect for surfing. Dave, however, just could not stay on his board. 

파도는 서핑하기에 완벽했다. 하지만 Dave는 자신의 보드 위에 도저히 서 있을 수 없었다.  

He had tried more than ten times to stand up but never managed it. 

그는 일어서려고 열 번 넘게 시도해 보았지만 결코 해낼 수 없었다.  

He felt that he would never succeed. He was about to give up when he looked at the sea one last time. 

그는 자신이 결코 성공할 수 없을 것이라고 느꼈다. 막 포기하려고 할 때 그는 바다를 마지막으로 한 번 쳐다보았다.  

The swelling waves seemed to say, “Come on, Dave. One more try!” Taking a deep breath, he picked up his board and ran into the water. 

넘실거리는 파도가 “이리와, Dave. 한 번 더 시도해 봐!”라고 말하는 것 같았다. 심호흡을 하면서 그는 자신의 보드를 집어 들고 바다로 달려 들어갔다.  

He waited for the right wave. Finally, it came. He jumped up onto the board just like he had practiced. 

그는 적당한 파도를 기다렸다. 마침내 그것이 왔다. 그는 자신이 연습했던 그대로 보드 위로 점프해 올랐다.  

And this time, standing upright, he battled the wave all the way back to shore. 

그리고 이번에는 똑바로 서서 그는 해안으로 되돌아오는 내내 파도와 싸웠다.  

Walking out of the water joyfully, he cheered, “Wow, I did it!”

기쁨에 차서 물 밖으로 걸어 나오며 그는 “와, 내가 해냈어!”라고 환호성을 질렀다.

어법문제

  The waves were perfect for surfing. Dave, (however / for this reason), just could not stay on his board.  He had tried more than ten times to stand up but never (been managing / managed) it.  He felt that he (will/would) never succeed. He was about (giving / to give up) when he looked (for/at) the sea one last time.  The swelling waves seemed to say, “Come on, Dave. One more try!” (Taken/Taking) a deep breath, he picked up his board  and ran into the water.  He waited for the right wave. Finally, it came.  He jumped up onto the board just like he (practiced / had practiced).  And this time, [stood / standing] upright, he battled the wave all the way back to shore.  (Walk/Walking) out of the water joyfully, he cheered, “Wow, I did it!”

2강 Excercise 01

In the evenings, clutching cups of tea and plates of supper, we would gather in the chintz armchairs in the sitting room. 

저녁이 되면, 우리는 찻잔과 저녁식사 접시를 손에 든 채 친츠천을 씌운 거실 안락의자에 앉아 모임을 갖곤 했다.  

Always keeping a wary eye on the overweight, but ever-hungry dogs and our supper, we would settle down to talk well into the night. 

과체중이면서도 늘 배고파하는 개들과 우리의 저녁 음식에 대해 항상 경계의 눈초리를 유지하면서, 우리는 편안히 앉아 밤이 깊어질 때까지 이야기를 나누곤 했다. 

I learnt a lot of my family’s history during those long summer evenings. 

그 긴 여름 저녁 시간에 나는 우리 가족사에 관해 많은 것을 알았다.  

As daylight faded from the sky, the lamps in the room would be turned on, and the gas fire would be lit. 

하늘로부터 햇빛이 옅어짐에 따라, 거실의 램프가 켜졌고 가스난로가 점화되었다.  

The four of us would sit talking, and I would ask so many questions that even Daphne, with her sharp memory and fund of family stories, could not always answer them. 

우리 넷은 앉아서 이야기를 나누곤 했으며 내가 매우 많은 질문을 해서, 뛰어난 기억력과 축적된 가족 이야깃거리의 소유자인 Daphne조차도 항상 대답해 줄 수는 없곤 했다.  

Then, some time after midnight, with the two dogs gently snoring in their favourite armchairs, we would yawningly creep up to our beds.

이윽고 자정이 지나고 얼마 후에, 두 마리의 개가 자기들이 가장 좋아하는 안락의자에서 부드럽게 코를 골고 있는 가운데, 우리는 하품을 하며 침대로 기어 올라가곤 했다. 

어법문제

  In the evenings, (clutched / clutching) cups of tea and plates of supper,  we would gather in the chintz  armchairs in the  sitting room. Always (keep / keeping) a wary eye on the overweight, but ever-hungry dogs and our supper,  we would  settle down to talk well into the night.  I learnt a lot of my family’s history (while/during) those long summer evenings.  As daylight (faded / fading) from the sky, the lamps in the room would be turned on, and the gas fire would be lit.  The four of us would sit (talk / talking), and I would ask so many questions that even Daphne,  with her  sharp  memory  and fund of family stories, could not always answer them.  Then, some time after midnight, with the two dogs gently (snored / snoring) in their favourite armchairs, we would (yawn/yawningly) creep up to our beds.

2강 Exercise 02

On a Saturday in the fall of 2009, when Brandon and I were assessing the possibilities for a free and unscheduled day, we decided to go shopping for our dream farmhouse. 

나와 Brandon이 계획 없이 하루를 자유롭게 보낼 가능성을 가늠하고 있던 2009년 가을의 어느 토요일에, 우리는 꿈꾸어오던 농가를 사러 가기로 했다.  

We had both been feeling ready for something new. 

우리는 둘 다 새로운 무언가에 대하여 준비가 되어 있다고 내내 느껴 왔었다.  

We were feeling the same excitement that our children have at nightfall, looking into the darkness trying to find a firefly to catch. 

우리는 해 질 녘에 우리 아이들이 어둠 속을 응시하며 잡을 반딧불이를 찾으려 하면서 느끼는 것과 똑같은 흥분을 느끼고 있었다.  

We were hoping for something magical, something we could wrap our arms around and take home with us. 

우리는 뭔가 마법 같은 것, 우리가 품에 안고 집으로 가져올 수 있는 것을 바라고 있었다.  

So we packed a lunch for the kids and informed them we were going on an adventure. 

그래서 아이들을 위해 점심을 싸고, 우리가 모험하러 간다고 그들에게 알렸다.  

They gave us questioning looks, inquisitively pleading, “but where are we going?” 

그들은 궁금한 표정으로 우리를 보고 “그런데 우리가 ‘어디로’ 가는 건가요?”라고 아주 호기심에 차서 애원하듯이 물었다.  

Once strapped into their car seats they were only interested in the destination. 

일단 자신들의 카시트에 묶이자, 그들은 목적지에만 관심이 있었다.  

Of course, we did not have a destination and we refrained from sharing that bit of information. 

물론, 우리는 목적지가 없었고 그 작은 정보를 알려주는 것을 자제했다.  

After packing a few books and toys to occupy kids, we went shopping for our dream farmhouse.

아이들의 주의를 끌기 위해 몇 권의 책과 몇 개의 장난감을 싣고 난 다음, 우리는 꿈꿔온 농가를 사기 위한 여행을 떠났다.

어법문제

  On a Saturday in the fall of 2009, (which/when) Brandon and I were (assessed/assessing) the possibilities for a free and  unscheduled day, we decided (going/to go) shopping for our dream farmhouse.  We had both been (felt/feeling) ready for  something new.  We were (felt/feeling) the same excitement that our children have at nightfall, (look/looking) into the darkness trying (finding/to find) a firefly to catch.  We were hoping for something magical, something we could wrap our arms around and (taking/take) home with us.  So we packed a lunch for the kids and (inform/informed) them we were going on an adventure. They gave us (questioned/questioning) looks, inquisitively pleading, “but where are we going?”  Once (strapping/strapped) into their car seats they were only interested in the destination. Of course, we did not have a destination and we (were refrained/refrained) from  sharing that bit of information. After packing a few books and toys (to occupy/to be occupied) kids, we went shopping for our  dream farmhouse.
 

2강 Exercise 03 

When I started to spend time in the region, I began hearing stories about sea otters. 

그 지역에서 시간을 보내기 시작했을 때, 나는 해달에 관한 이야기를 듣기 시작했다.  

These days, the otters aren’t so few and far between. 

요즘은 해달이 그리 드물지 않다.  

In fact, when I confessed my lifelong dream of someday seeing a sea otter, people almost laughed at me! 

사실, 언젠가 해달을 보겠다는 나의 일생의 꿈을 털어놓았을 때, 사람들은 나를 거의 비웃을 정도였다!  

There are lots, I was told, along the outer coast. 

해안 외곽을 따라 많이 있다는 말을 들었다.  

Finally, my moment came. 

마침내 기회가 왔다.  

I was on a small boat and there they were, their dark heads sticking out above the white water where the waves were crashing up against the rocky coastline. 

나는 작은 배를 타고 있었고, 거기에 그것들이 있었는데, 그것들은 검은 머리를 바위투성이의 해안선에 파도가 부딪혀 부서지는 급류 위로 내밀고 있었다.  

They weren’t close, and the rough waves made it hard to see, but in that moment I knew what it was to have a dream come true. 

그것들은 가까이 있지 않았고, 거친 파도가 보는 것을 어렵게 만들었지만, 그 순간 나는 꿈이 이루어지는 것이 무엇인지를 알았다.  

It was a reminder that things can change, that species can recover, and that I could let go of some of the concern for the otters that I’d been holding inside since I was a girl.

그것은 상황이 바뀔 수 있다는 것을, 종이 회복될 수 있다는 것을, 그리고 내가 소녀 시절부터 마음속에 담아 왔던 해달을 향한 걱정의 일부를 떨칠 수 있다는 것을 일깨워 주었다.

어법문제

When I started to spend time in the region, I began hearing stories about sea otters. These days, the otters aren’t so (little/few) and farbetween. In fact, when I confessed my lifelong dream of someday (see/seeing) a sea otter, people almost laughed at me!  There are lots, I was (telling/told), along the outer coast.  Finally, my moment (was come/came).  I was on a small boat and there they were, their dark heads sticking out above the white water where  the waves  were  (crashed/crashing) up against the rocky coastline.  They weren’t close, and the rough waves made (them/it) hard to see,  but  in that moment I knew what (was it/it was) to have a dream come true.  It was a reminder that things can change, that species can (be recovered/recover), and that I could let (going/go) of some  of the  concern for the otters that I’d been (held/holding) inside since I was a girl.

2강 Exercise 04

Writers can feel achingly alone, but I am tremendously fortunate to be part of wonderfully supportive scholarly, academic, and family groups. 

책을 쓰는 사람들은 고통스러울 정도로 고독하다고 느낄 수 있지만, 저는 놀랄 만큼 협력적인 학술, 학문, 가족 단체의 일원이어서 몹시 운이 좋습니다.  

My deepest debts for this work are owed to those who have preceded me in establishing food studies as an accepted discipline. 
저는 이 책에 대한 가장 큰 빚을 식품연구를 인정받는 학문 분야로 확립하는 데 있어서 저보다 앞서 간 사람들에게 지고 있습니다.  

In countless ways, this work would not be possible without theirs. 

무수히 많은 점에서 그들의 저작이 없었다면 이 책은 (오늘날) 가능하지 않을 것입니다.  

I have recommended many of their works in the suggestions for further reading that follow each entry and in the general suggestions that conclude the volume. 

저는 그들의 저작 중 많은 것을 각 수록 항목의 뒤에 있는 추가 참고 도서 추천 목록과 책의 맨 끝에 있는 일반도서 추천 목록에 추천해 놓았습니다.  

But I have also benefited from the personal support and encouragement of many individuals ㅡ too many to name here ㅡ at gatherings such as the conference of the Association for the Study of Food and Society and the Oxford Symposium of Food and Cookery. 

그런데 저는 또한 Association for the Study of Food and Society와 Oxford Symposium of Food and Cookery의 학회 같은 모임에서, 여기에 거명하기에는 너무나 많은 사람들의 개인적인 지지와 격려로부터 도움을 받았습니다.  

A more welcoming and nurturing group of scholars cannot be imagined.

더 우호적이고 성장하도록 도와주는 학자들의 무리를 상상하는 것은 불가능합니다. 

어법문제

 Writers can feel aching alone, but I am tremendous fortunate to be part of wonderfully supportive scholarly,  academic,  and  family groups. (2)

My deepest debts for this work are owing to those who have been preceded me in establishing food studies as an accepted  discipline. (2)

 In countless ways, this work would not be possible without theirs. 

I have recommended many of their works in the suggestions for further reading that follows each entry and in the general suggestions that concluding the volume. (2)

But I have also(been benefited/ benefited) from the personal support and encouragement of many individuals  ㅡ too (many/much) to name here ㅡ at gatherings such as the conference of the Association for the Study of Food and Society  and the Oxford Symposium of Food and Cookery. 

A more welcomed and nurtured group of scholars cannot be imagined. (2)

[ Gateway ]

A few days ago, I submitted my application and recipe for the 2nd Annual DC Metro Cooking Contest. 

며칠 전에 저는 제 2회 연례 DC Metro 요리 대회의 지원서와 요리법을 제출했습니다.  

However, I would like to change my recipe if it is possible. 

하지만, 가능하다면 저의 요리법을 바꾸고 싶습니다.  

I have checked the website again, but I could only find information about the contest date, time, and prizes. 

제가 웹사이트를 다시 확인해 보았지만, 대회 날짜와 시간, 그리고 상에 관한 정보만 발견할 수 있었습니다.  

I couldn’t see any information about changing recipes. 

요리법을 바꾸는 데에 대한 어떤 정보도 볼 수 없었습니다.  

I have just created a great new recipe, and I believe people will love this more than the one I have already submitted. 

저는 이제 막 훌륭한 새로운 요리법을 만들었는데, 사람들이 제가 이미 제출한 것보다 이것을 더 좋아할 것이라고 믿고 있습니다.  

Please let me know if I can change my submitted recipe. 

제가 제출한 요리법을 바꿀 수 있는지 저에게 알려 주십시오.  

I look forward to your response. 

귀하의 응답을 고대하고 있겠습니다. 








어법문제 

Dear Mr. Reese,
A few days ago, I submitted my application and recipe for the 2nd Annual DC Metro Cooking Contest. However, I would like to (change/changing) my recipe if it is possible.  I have checked the website again, but I could only find information about the contest date, time, and prizes. I couldn’t see (some/any) information about (change/changing) recipes.  I have just (been created/created) a great new recipe, and  I believe people will love this more than the one I have already (been submitting/submitted).  Please let me (knowing/know) if I can change my submitted recipe. I look forward (on/to) your response.

1강 Exercise 01 

Your generous donations have made such a difference in the lives of little children who have been stricken with cancer. 

귀하의 아낌없는 기부금은 암에 걸린 어린아이들의 삶에 큰 변화를 가져왔습니다.  

They might not know your names, but we know that many of our patients can run around in the sunshine now, happy and carefree, because of you. 

그들은 귀하의 이름을 모를 수도 있지만, 귀하 덕분에 저희는 많은 환자들이 이제 햇빛 아래서 행복하고 근심 걱정 없이 여기 저기 뛰어 다닐 수 있다는 것을 알고 있습니다.  

Now, as cancer research has progressed, we have the opportunity to introduce an exciting and newly proven treatment that promises to save even more young lives. 

이제, 암 연구가 진전됨에 따라, 저희에게 훨씬 더 많은 어린 생명들을 구해줄 희망이 있는 흥미롭고 새롭게 입증된 치료법을 도입할 기회가 왔습니다.  

To get this treatment up and running this year, we are hoping that you would consider supporting us with $10,000. 

올해 이 치료법이 시행되도록 하기 위해, 귀하께서 저희에게 1만 달러를 후원하는 것을 고려하여 주시기를 바랍니다.  

To meet this need, we ask that you make an initial donation of half that amount followed by a final donation by the end of November. 

이 요청 내용을 충족시키기 위해서, 저희는 귀하께서 그 금액의 절반에 해당하는 금액의 초기 기부금을 내신 후에 11월 말까지 최종적으로 기부해 주시기를 요청합니다.  

We know that you will find your greatest reward in the knowledge that you have blessed countless young lives. 

저희는 귀하께서 수많은 어린 생명들을 축복하셨음을 아는 데서 가장 큰 보상을 찾으시리라는 것을 알고 있습니다.  

We thank you once again for all you have done in the past, and appreciate your consideration of this new request.

과거에 해 주신 모든 일에 다시 한 번 감사드리며, 이 새로운 요청을 귀하께서 고려해 주시면 감사하겠습니다. 

어법문제

Your generous donations have (been made/made) such a difference in the lives of little children who have (stricken / been stricken)  with cancer.  They might not know your names, but we know that many of our patients can run around in the sunshine now, happy and carefree, because of you.  Now, as cancer research ( has been progressed/has progressed), we have the  opportunity  (introduce / to introduce) an exciting and newly proven treatment that (promise / promises) to save even  more  young  lives.  To get this treatment up and running this year, we are (hoped/hoping) that you would consider (supporting / to support)  us  with $10,000.  To meet this need, we ask (if / that) you make an initial donation of half that amount (following / followed by) a final donation by the end of November. We know that you will find your greatest reward in the knowledge (that / which) you have blessed countless young lives. We thank you once again for all you have done in the past, and appreciate your consideration of this new request.

1강 Exercise 02

I am writing in response to your advertisement in the Columbia Journal Classifieds for a copywriter. 

저는 Columbia Journal Classifieds 에 나온 귀사의 카피라이터 구인 광고를 보고 이 편지를 씁니다.  

I am a copywriter with 8 years’ experience of conceptualizing and producing engaging copy for catalogs, annual reports, brochures and all types of collateral material. 

저는 8년간 카탈로그, 연례 보고서, 안내용 책자와 온갖 종류의 부수적인 자료를 위한 매력적인 광고문을 개념화하고 제작한 경험이 있는 카피라이터입니다. 

In addition, my writing abilities have helped me create original works of art for clients like Mead Coated Papers and Oxford Healthcare. 

게다가 저의 문안 작성 실력 덕분에 저는 Mead Coated Papers와 Oxford Healthcare와 같은 고객들을 위하여 독창적인 멋진 작품들을 만들어 왔습니다.  

I am knowledgeable about MS Word and WordPerfect, as well as both Macintosh and PC platforms. 

저는 Macintosh와 PC 플랫폼뿐만 아니라 MS Word와 WordPerfect에 정통합니다.  

Much of my work has been crafted for the following clients : Macmillan Reference Libray, Watson Guptill Publications, Hawaii University Press, and Arcade Fashion & Lifestyle Magazine. 

제 제작물의 상당량은 다음의 고객들을 위해 만들어졌는데, 그들은 Macmillan 참고 도서관, Watson Guptill 출판사, Hawaii 대학교 출판부, 그리고 Arcade Fashion & Lifestyle Magazine입니다.  

I have confidence in my ability to produce powerful, gripping copy for your organization.   

저는 귀사를 위해 효과적이고 주의를 끄는 광고문을 만들어 낼 제 능력에 자신이 있습니다.  

My experience allow me to complete any project from concept to the final stages at a fast pace to meet deadlines, and to package it for the Web. 

제 경험 덕분에 저는 그 어떤 프로젝트라도 구상에서부터 마지막 단계에 이르기까지 빠른 속도로 완료하여 마감 기한을 맞출 수 있고 그것을 웹에 맞도록 제시할 수 있습니다.  

 I look forward to hearing from you. Thank you for your time and consideration. 

답장을 고대하겠습니다. 시간을 내어 살펴봐 주셔서 감사합니다.

어법문제

Dear Sir or Madam :
 I am writing in response (to/for) your advertisement in the Columbia Journal Classifieds for a copywriter.  I am a copywriter with 8 years’ experience of conceptualizing and (produce / producing) engaging copy for catalogs,  annual reports, brochures and  all types of collateral material.  In addition, my writing abilities have helped me (create / creating) original works of art for clients like Mead Coated Papers and Oxford Healthcare.  I am knowledgeable about MS Word and WordPerfect, as well as both Macintosh and PC platforms.  Much of my work has (crafted / been crafted) for the following clients :  Macmillan Reference Libray, Watson Guptill Publications, Hawaii University Press, and Arcade Fashion & Lifestyle Magazine.  I have confidence in my ability (produce / to produce) powerful, gripping copy for your organization.  My experience allow me (complete / to complete) any project from concept to the final stages at a fast pace (meet / to meet) deadlines,  and  to package it for the Web. I look forward to (hear / hearing) from you. Thank you for your time and consideration.

1강 Exercise 03

Do you want to save on electricity costs through solar power but can’t or don’t want to put panels on your roof?  

태양광 발전을 통해 전력비용을 절약하고 싶지만 지붕에 패널을 설치할 수 없거나 설치를 원치 않으십니까?  

Residents in the Town of Whately now have exclusive opportunity to sign up for a regional community shared solar farm being built in the town by Nexamp, the veteran-founded and Massachusetts- based solar provider. 

Town of Whately의 주민들은 이제 전문가가 설립하고 매사추세츠에 본사가 있는 태양광 발전공급자인 Nexamp가 마을에 건설 중인 지역 공동체 공유의 태양광 발전소에 가입할 독점적인 기회를 갖고 있습니다.  

Through Nexamp’s Solarize My Bill community solar program, Whately households and businesses can take advantage of the environmental and economic benefits of going solar without installing solar panels on their property. 

Nexamp의 Solarize My Bill 지역사회 태양광 에너지 공급 프로그램을 통해, Whately의 가정 및 기업은 그들의 건물에 태양광 패널을 설치하지 ‘않고도’ 태양광 발전을 사용하는 환경적인 그리고 경제적인 이점을 활용할 수 있습니다.  

By subscribing to a share of the clean electricity generated by a local community solar project, participants can directly offset their electric bill and save on electricity costs with no upfront investment or long-term commitment. 

지역 공동 태양광 프로젝트에 의해 만들어지는 청정 전력의 한 지분을 신청함으로써 가입자들은 선불 투자나 장기간의 출자 없이도 자신들의 전기요금을 직접적으로 상쇄시키고 전력비용을 절약할 수 있습니다.  

To learn more about how you can save while supporting local sources of renewable energy, visit www.SolarizingtheBill.com or call 600-445-2124 to speak with a member of the Nexamp community solar team.

어떻게 재생 가능한 지역 에너지원을 지원하면서 절약까지 할 수 있는지에 대해 더 자세히 알아보려면, www.SolarizingtheBill.com을 방문하거나 600-445-2124로 전화하여 Nexamp 지역 태양광 발전 팀원과 이야기하십시오. 

어법문제

Do you want to save on electricity costs through solar power but can’t or don’t want to put panels on your roof?   
Residents in the Town of Whately now (has/have) exclusive opportunity to sign up for a regional community shared solar farm  (is built/being built) in the town by Nexamp, the veteran-founded and Massachusetts- based solar provider.  
Through Nexamp’s Solarize My Bill community solar program, Whately households and businesses can take advantage of the environmental and economic benefits of going solar without installing solar panels on their property.  
By subscribing to a share of the clean electricity (generating/generated by) a local community solar project, participants  can  (direct/directly) offset their electric bill and save on electricity costs with no upfront investment or long-term commitment.  
To learn more about how you can save while (supported/supporting) local sources of renewable energy,  visit www.SolarizingtheBill.com or call 600-445-2124 to speak with a member of the Nexamp community solar team. 

1강 Exercise 04

I want to thank you for bringing members of “Puerto Ricans for a Positive Image.” to the American Broadcasting System (ABS) this week to meet with me and other ABS senior executives. 

저는 저를 비롯한 다른 ABS 고위 임원들을 만나기 위해 이번 주에 American Broadcasting System(ABS)으로 ‘Puerto Ricans for a Positive Image’의 회원들을 데리고 오신 것에 대해 귀하에게 감사드리고 싶습니다.  

The heartfelt passion for portraying more positive images of the Puerto Rican community was certainly heard by our executives. 
저희 임원들은 Puerto Rico 주민 공동체의 더 긍정적인 이미지를 나타내기 위한 그 진정한 열정을 분명하게 청취했습니다.  

As we discussed in our meeting, it was never our intent to misrepresent images of your community, and the show in question no longer airs on ABS. 

우리가 회의에서 논의한 것처럼, 귀하의 주민 공동체에 대한 이미지를 잘못 전하는 것은 결코 저희의 의도가 아니었고, 문제의 그 방송 프로그램은 더는 ABS에서 방송되지 않습니다.  

ABS is known for the diversity for its characters, and over the years we have been continually recognized by multiple groups for stories that challenge stereotypes and bring different perspectives and voices to the screen. 

ABS는 그 등장인물들의 다양성으로 유명하고, 수년간 저희는 고정 관념에 도전하고 여러 다른 관점과 목소리를 화면으로 내보내는 이야기들에 대해 다수의 단체로부터 지속적으로 인정받아 왔습니다.  

We apologize for any inadvertent offense taken and can assure you that we will continue to strive to reflect the vast diversity of our audience with respect and, where appropriate, with self-deprecating humor. 

저희는 의도하지 않게 끼쳐 드린 그 어떤 불쾌감에 대해서도 사과드리고, 존중하는 마음으로, 그리고 적절한 경우에는 자신을 낮추는 유머로 저희 시청자의 엄청난 다양성을 반영하려고 계속 노력할 것임을 분명히 말씀드릴 수 있습니다.  

Thank you again for meeting with us and for voicing your concerns.

저희를 만나 주시고 귀하의 염려를 표하여 주신 것에 대해 다시 한 번 감사드립니다. 

어법문제

Dear Mr. Rivera  
 I want to thank you for bringing members of “Puerto Ricans for a Positive Image.” to the American Broadcasting System (ABS) this week (meet / to meet) with me and other ABS senior executives.  The heartfelt passion for portraying more positive images of the Puerto Rican community (was / to be) certainly ( hearing / heard) by our executives.  As we discussed in our meeting, (it / which) was never our intent to misrepresent  images  of  your community, and the show in question no longer airs on ABS. 
  ABS is known for the diversity for its characters, and over the years we have been continually  recognized by  multiple  groups  for stories that (challenge / challenges) stereotypes and (brought/bring) different perspectives and voices to the screen.  We apologize for any inadvertent offense (taken / taking) and can assure you (that / when) we will continue to strive  to reflect  the vast diversity of our audience with respect and, where appropriate, with (self-deprecated/self-deprecating )humor.  Thank you again for meeting with us and for voicing your concerns.
Sincerely,
Victoria Howard

2-7.  다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

An entrepreneur can come up with her “big idea” — and in social enterprise, it can be big across the profit or the social-good dimension, or both — and pour her savings and personal credit into it.

기업가는 자신의 ‘대단한 아이디어’를 생각해 낼 수 있는데, 사회적 기업에서는 그것이 이윤이나 사회적 선행 차원, 또는 둘 다에 있어서 대단할 수 있으며, 기업가는 그것에 자신의 저축과 개인 신용을 쏟아 부을 수 있다.

But this bootstrapping has obvious limits.

하지만 이렇게 자력으로 해결하려는 것에는 명백한 한계가 있다.

Depending on the entrepreneur’s personal network, friends and family may provide additional investment to help her get up and running, produce early proof of concept, or operate a single location.

기업가의 개인 네트워크, 친구 그리고 가족에 의존 하는 것은 기업가가 정상적으로 영업을 하거나, 개념 증명을 초기에 내놓거나, 단일 장소를 경영하도록 돕기 위한 추가적인 투자금을 제공할 수 있다.

Other than for the independently wealthy and exceedingly well connected, though, a successful business will reach a point where it requires                        .

그러나 자립적으로 부유하고 연줄이 월등히 좋은 사람들을 제외하고, 성공적인 사업체는 외부 투자가 필요한 시점에 다다를 것이다.

When this moment arrives will depend on the industry in which a business operates as well as the entrepreneur’s own balance sheet.

이시점이언제오는지는기업가 자신의 대차 대조표 뿐만 아니라 사업체가 운영되는 산업 분야에 달려 있을 것이다.

Whether an entrepreneur needs to find investors to support prototype development, geographic expansion, increasing market share, or some other strategy, seeking scale requires access to capital.

시제품 개발, 지리적 확장, 증가하는 시장 점유율 또는 다른 기타 전략을 지원할 투자자들을 찾을 필요가 기업가에게 있든지 간에, 규모를 키우려면 자본의 이용이 필요하다.

* bootstrapping 자력으로 해결하기 ** balance sheet 대차 대조표 *** prototype 시제품, 시작품

(1) quality control

(2) legal consultation

(3) statistical literacy

(4) eligible employees

(5) outside investment

어법문제  

An entrepreneur can come up with her “big idea” — and in social enterprise, it can be big across the profit or the social-good dimension, or both — and (pour/pouring/poured) her savings and personal credit into it.

But this bootstrapping has obvious limits.

(Depended/Depending) on the entrepreneur’s personal network, friends and family may (provide/be provided) additional investment (to help/helpin) her get up and running, produce early proof of concept, or (operating/operate) a single location.

Other than for the independent wealthy and exceedingly well connecting, though, a successful business will reach a point when it requires. (틀린단어3)

When this moment arriving will depend on the industry in where a business operates as well as the entrepreneur’s own balance sheet. (틀린단어2)

Whether an entrepreneur needs to find investors (to support/to be supported) prototype development, geographic expansion, (increased/increasing) market share, or some other strategy, (seek/seeking) scale requires access to capital.

2-8. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

There is no single philosophical method that all philosophers share.

모든 철학자가 공유하는 하나의 철학적 방법론은 없다.

In fact, philosophers have long disagreed so deeply about the best or proper way to do philosophy that sometimes they even claim that their own particular philosophical method produces the only real philosophy ; the rest is either worthless or belongs to some other discipline.

사실, 철학자들은 철학을 하는 가장 좋은 또는 올바른 방법에 관해 오랫동안 매우 극심하게 뜻이 맞지 않아서 가끔은 심지어 그들 자신의 특정한 철학적 방법론이 유일한 ‘진짜 철학’을 낳으며, 나머지는 가치 없거나, 다른 어떤 학문 분야에 속한다고 주장하기도 한다.

Contemporary philosophers of many kinds (traditional, postmodern, feminist, and others) debate what kind of philosophy is worth doing at all.

많은 종류(전통, 포스트모던, 페미니스트 등)의 현대 철학자들은 도대체 어떤 종류의 철학이 할 가치가 있는지를 논쟁한다.

Similarly, neither do all feminists in general nor feminist philosophers in particular                         .

마찬가지로, 일반적인 모든 페미니스트나 특별히 페미니스트 철학자들은 하나의 방법론에 합의하지 않는다.

Although consciousness raising is extremely valuable for feminists (even sometimes considered to be the core of feminist method), it is rarely used alone in feminist scholarship.

비록 페미니스트에게는 의식 고양이 매우 유용하지만(심지어 때로는 페미니스트 방법론의 핵심으로 여겨지기도 함), 그것이 페미니스트 학문에서 단독으로 사용되는 경우는 거의 없다.

Instead, it is combined with numerous disciplinary approaches.

그 대신에, 그것은 다수의 학문적 방법과 결합된다.

In addition, feminist philosophers have various methodological preferences within philosophical traditions.

게다가, 페미니스트 철학자들은 철학적 전통 내에서 방법론적인 선호가 각양각색이다.

* bootstrapping 자력으로 해결하기 ** balance sheet 대차 대조표 *** prototype 시제품, 시작품

(1) openly criticize others

(2) agree on a single method

(3) consider their work practical

(4) defend their method of thinking

(5) become famous for their protests

어법문제

There is no single philosophy method that all philosophers shares.(2)

In fact, philosophers have long (disagreeing/disagreed) so (deep/deeply) about the best or proper way to do philosophy that sometimes they even claim that their own particular philosophical method produces the only real philosophy ; the rest is either worthless or belongs (x /to) some other discipline.

Contemporary philosophers of many kinds (traditional, postmodern, feminist, and others) debate what kind of philosophy is worth doing at all.

Similarly, neither are all feminists in general or feminist philosophers in particular .(2)

Although consciousness raising is extremely valuable for feminists (even sometimes consider to be the core of feminist method), it is rarely using alone in feminist scholarship.(2)

Instead, it is combined with numerous disciplinary approaches.

In addition, feminist philosophers have various methodological preferences within philosophical traditions.

2-9.  다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

Given the dominance of economics in public life, it is no surprise that so many university students, if given the chance, __________.

공적 생활에서 경제학의 우세를 고려해볼 때, 아주 많은 대학생들이 기회가 주어진다면 자신의 교육 일부로 (경제학을) 약간은 공부하기로 선택한다는 사실은 놀랄 일이 아니다.

Every year, around five million college students in the United States alone graduate with at least one economics course under their belts.

매년, 미국에서만 대략 오백만 명의 대학생들이 적어도 하나의 경제학 과목은 경험하고 졸업 한다.

A standard introductory course that originated in the United States — and is widely known as Econ 101 — is now taught throughout the world, with students from China to Chile learning from translations of the very same textbooks used in Chicago and Cambridge, Massachusetts.

미국에서 시작된, 그리고 Econ 101로 널리 알려진 표준 입문 과목을 이제 전 세계에서 가르치고 있으며, 중국에서부터 칠레의 학생에 이르기까지 시카고와 매사추세츠주(州)의 케임브리지에서 사용되는 바로 그 똑같은 교과서의 번역본으로 배운다.

For all of these students, Econ 101 has become a staple part of a broad education, whether they then head off to become an entrepreneur or doctor, journalist or political activist.

이 모든 학생들에게, Econ 101은 그들이 그 뒤에 (대학을) 떠나서 기업가나 의사, 언론인이나 정치 활동가가 되든지 간에 폭넓은 교육의 주요한 일부가 되었다.

Even for those who never study economics, the language and mindset of Econ 101 so pervades public debate that it shapes the way that we all think about the economy : what it is, how it works, and what it is for.

심지어 경제학을 절대 공부하지 않는 학생들에게조 차도, Econ 101의 언어와 사고방식은 공개 토론에 매우 만연해 있어서 그것은 우리 모두가 경제에 관해 생각하는 방식, 즉 그것이 무엇인지, 어떻게 작용하는지, 그리고 무엇을 위한 것인지에 대한 생각을 형성한다.

(1)choose to further their studies abroad
(2) are encouraged to take up a related job
(3) opt to study a little as part of their education
(4) are willing to share their biggest financial struggles
(5) exercise their political rights through economic earnings

어법문제

(Giving/Given) the dominance of economics in public life, it is no surprise that so many university students, if (giving/given) the chance,             .

Every year, around five million college students in the United States alone (graduated/graduate) with at least one economics course under their belts.

A standard introductory course that (originates/originated) in the United States — and is widely known (to/as )Econ 101 — is now taught throughout the world, with students from China to Chile (learned/learning) from translations of the very same textbooks used in Chicago and Cambridge, Massachusetts.

For all of these students, Econ 101 (became/has become) a staple part of a broad education, whether they then head off to become an entrepreneur or doctor, journalist or political activist.

Even for those who never study economics, the language and mindset of Econ 101 so pervades public debate that it shapes the way that we all think about the economy

: what it is, how it works, and what it is for.

2-10.  다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

Speaking of marrying creativity and business, I’ve discovered that a rock star and a brain surgeon have something in common.

창의력과 사업을 결합시키는 것에 관해 말하자면, 나는 록스타와 뇌전문 외과 의사가 공통점이 있다는 사실을 알아냈다.

It’s not that either one would be particularly good at the other’s craft (and I’m not sure which crossover would produce the more disastrous results), but rather that each one is capable of performing his craft brilliantly, and generating huge sums of money, without the need for any financial skills.

그것은 둘 중의 어느 하나가 상대방의 기술에 특별히 능숙할 것이라는 게 아니라 (그리고 나는 어떤 식의 걸치기가 더 처참한 결과를 낳을지 확신할 수 없다), 오히려 어떠한 재정적인 기술을 필요로 하지 않고서도 각각이 자신의 기술을 훌륭하게 수행하며 막대한 액수의 돈을 벌어 들일 수 있다는 점이다.

In most businesses, before you can start earning big money, you have to be pretty well schooled in how the business works.

대부분의 사업체에서는, 많은 돈을 벌기 시작할 수 있게 되기 전에, 그 사업체가 어떻게 돌아가는지에 대해 교육을 대단히 잘 받았어야 한다.

For example, if you open up a shoe store, you have to work up a budget, negotiate a lease, bargain for the price of the shoes, and so forth — all before you smell that first foot.

예를 들어, 만약 여러분이 신발 가게를 연다면, 여러분은 그 첫 번째 발의 냄새를 맡기 전에(첫 번째 신발 고객을 맞이하기 전에) 예산을 세워야 하고, 임대차 계약을 성사시켜야 하고, 신발의 가격을 흥정해야 하고, 기타 등등을 전부 해야 한다.

But in entertainment, as in surgery, you can                   .

하지만 엔터테인먼트에서는, 외과 의술에서와 마찬가지로, 어떠한 사업적 전문 지식 없이도 정상에 오를 수 있다.

(1) avoid making mistakes through preparation

(2) benefit from a professional training program

(3) experience the newest frontier in the industry

(4) soar to the top without any business expertise

(5) get sponsorship from a local or state organization

어법문제

Speaking of (married.marrying) creativity and business, I’ve discovered that a rock star and a brain surgeon (having/have) something in common.

It’s not that either one would be particular good at the other’s craft (and I’m not sure who crossover would produce the more disastrous results), but rather that each of one is capable of performing his craft brilliant, and generating huge sums of money, without the need for any financial skills.(4)

In most businesses, before you can start earning big money, you have to be prettily well schooling in how the business works.(2)

For example, if you open up a shoe store, you have to work up a budget, (negotiate/negotiating) a lease, bargain for the price of the shoes, and so forth — all before you smell that first foot.

But in entertainment, as in surgery, you can                   .

2-11. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

Academic work is by its nature never done ; while flexibility of hours is one of the privileges of our work, it can easily translate into working all the time or feeling that one should.

학문은 본질적으로 절대 끝나지 않는다 : 시간에 대한 융통성이 우리가 하는 일의 특권 중 하나이지만, 그것은 항상 일하는 것 또는 항상 일해야 한다고 느끼는 것으로 쉽게 이어질 수 있다.

Mary Morris Heiberger and Julia Miller Vick note this paradox
: “Despite their heavy workloads, academics have more freedom to structure their own time than practically anyone else in the economy.

Mary Morris Heiberger와 Julia Miller Vick은 이러한 역설에 관해 다음과 같이 언급한다.
: “과중한 업무량에도 불구하고, 교수들은 경제 체제 내에서 거의 다른 누구보다도 자신만의 시간을 조직화할 수 있는 자유를 더 갖고 있다.

For some people, this is the great advantage of the career path ; for others, it is a source of stress.”

몇몇 사람들에게는 이것이 그 진로의 큰 장점이며, 다른 사람들에게는 이것이 스트레스의 근원이다.”

Furthermore, given the time and money required to get a PhD and its uncertain economic returns, it is clear that most of us pursue an academic career for idealistic, rather than pragmatic, reasons.

더 나아가,박사학위를 얻기 위해 요구되는 시간과 돈 그리고 그것의 불확실한 경제적 수익을 고려해볼 때, 우리 대부분이 실용적인 이유라기보다는, 이상적인 이유로 학자로서의 직업을 추구하는 것이 분명하다.

And while believing in what one does is a key aspect of job satisfaction, idealism also can lead to overwork.

그리고 하는 일의 가치를 믿는 것이 직업만족감의 중요한 측면이지만, 이상주의는 또한 과로로 이어질 수 있다.

The irony is that the more committed we are to our vocation, the more likely it is that                        .

아이러니하게도, 우리의 직업에 더 많이 헌신할수록, 시간적 스트레스와 극도의 피로를 경험할 가능성이 더 커진다.

* pragmatic 실용적인

(1) we may be rejected from the society

(2) we won’t be facing life’s trivial matters

(3) we can achieve the security that we desire 

(4) we will experience time stress and burnout

(5) we will fulfill our responsibilities as citizens

어법문제

Academic work is by its nature never done ; while flexibility of hours is one of the privileges of our work, it can easily (be translated/translate) into working all the time or (felt/feeling) that one should.

Mary Morris Heiberger and Julia Miller Vick note this paradox
: “Although their heavy workloads, academics have more freedom to structure their own time than practical anyone else in the economy.(2)

For some people, this is the great advantage of the career path ; for others, it is a source of stress.”

Furthermore, (giving/given) the time and money (requires/required) to get a PhD and its uncertain economic returns, it is clear that most of us (to pursue/pursue) an academic career for idealistic, rather than pragmatic, reasons.

And while believing in what one does (to be/is) a key aspect of job satisfaction, idealism also can lead to overwork.

The irony is that the more committed we are (x/to) our vocation, the more likely it is that                        .

2-12. 다음 글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

All the branches of science such as life sciences, botany, zoology, physiology, physics, chemistry, agriculture and geology, etc. are correlated and interrelated with each other.

생명 과학, 식물학, 동물학, 생리학, 물리학, 화학, 농학, 그리고 지질학 등과 같은 과학의 모든 분야는 서로 연관되어 있고 상호 관계되어 있다.

(A) , if we are studying a geology lesson on the rocks and minerals of the Earth, then we must be studying the chemical composition, structure and properties of these rocks and minerals.

예를들어,만약우리가지구의암석과광물에관한 지질학 단원을 공부하고 있다면, 그렇다면 우리는 이런 암석과 광물의 화학적 구성, 구조와 성질을 공부하고 있을 것이 틀림없다.

Similarly, in the study of agriculture, the knowledge of rocks and chemicals is involved.

마찬가지로, 농학 공부에서도, 암석과 화학 물질에 관한 지식이 포함되어 있다.

The study of rocks and soil helps in choosing different types of soils for different crops.

암석과 토양에 관한 공부는 각각 다른 농작물에 대한 다른 종류의 토양을 선택하는 데에 도움이 된다.

The knowledge of chemistry helps us in determining different types of manures.

화학에 관한 지식은 우리가 각기 다른 종류의 거름을 결정하는 데 도움을 준다.

(B) , it is always worthwhile to deal with different branches of science in a unified manner for the benefit of students.

그러므로 학생을 위해 과학의 여러 다른 분야들을 통일된 방식으로 다루는 것은 항상 가치가 있다.

It is necessary to bring out correlation of one branch of science with another branch to make science education more meaningful and effective.

과학 교육을 더욱 의미 있고 효과적으로 만들기 위해 과학의 한 분야와 다른 분야와의 연관성을 끌어내는 것이 필요하다.

* manure (동물의 배설물로 만든) 거름

(1) Instead - Moreover 

(2) Instead - Therefore

(3) Conversely -  However

(4) For example - However

(5) For example - Therefore

어법문제

All the branches of science such as life sciences, botany, zoology, physiology, physics, chemistry, agriculture and geology, etc. are (correlating/correlated) and (interrelating/interrelated) with each other.

(A) , if we are studying a geology lesson on the rocks and minerals of the Earth, then we must be (study/studying) the chemical composition, structure and properties of these rocks and minerals.

Similarly, in the study of agriculture, the knowledge of rocks and chemicals is (involving/involved).

The study of rocks and soil (helps/help) in choosing different types of soils for different crops.

The knowledge of chemistry (help/helps) us in determining different types of manures.

(B) , it is always worthwhile (dealing/to deal) with different branches of science in a unified manner for the benefit of students.

(That/It) is necessary to bring out correlation of one branch of science with another branch to make science education more meaningful and effective.

[1-3] 다음 글을 읽고, 물음에 답하세요.

Yejin's favorite hobby is (1.dancing).

She is a new member of the school dance club.

Members come to the school gym (2.토요일마다) and practice dance moves.

These days Yejin is (3.learn) hip-hop moves.

The club will perform at the school festival next month.

1. 위 글에 (1.dancing)과 쓰임이 같은 문장은?

(1) I'm reading a book now.

(2) Is he washing his car?

(3) Listening to music is good.

(4) She is crying in her room.

(5) They are studying math together.

2. 위 글에 (2.토요일마다) 부분을 영어로 바꿔 쓰세요.

3. 위 글에 (3.learn)을 알맞은 형태로 고쳐쓰세요.

[4-7] 다음 글을 읽고, 물음에 대답하세요.

Jiho is (A.taking) a cooking class at the community center (B.on Saturdays).

His parents (1.run) a small restaurant.

They (C.are always) busy on Saturdays.

( 가 ), he makes his (F.자신의 점심식사).

He is (D.going to making) spaghetti agilo e olio (E.this Saturdays).

4. 위 글에 A-E중 어법상 잘못된 곳 2군데를 골라서 고치세요.

(             ,                )

5. 위 글에 (1.run)과 같은 의미를 고르세요.

(1) He can run as fast as my dad.

(2) We run 4-week courses with classes.

(3) The child runs to his daddy.

(4) My dream is to run a company.

(5) Let's run to the first tree! 

6. (가)에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?

(1) Because (2)For example  (3) Thus  (4) However  (5) So 

7. 위 글에 (F.자신의 점심식사)를 영어로 쓰세요.

[8-10] 다음 글을 읽고, 물음에 답하세요.

Saturday is a (fun/funny) day for many students.

They have (가.lots of) free time, and they (그들의 취미들을 즐기다)

Here (is/are) some stories about different students.

8. 윗 글에 괄호 중 알맞은 단어를 찾으세요.

9. 위 글에 (가.lots of) 대신 쓸 수 있는 말을 모두 고르세요.

(1) much  (2) a lot of  (3) many (4) little  (5) a few 

10. 위 글에 (그들의 취미들을 즐기다)를 영어로 쓰세요.

[11-15] 다음 글을 읽고, 물음에 답하세요.

Saturday is a fun day for many students.

They have lots of free time, and they enjoy their hobbies.

Here are some stories about different students.

Jiho is taking a cooking class at the community center (on Saturdays/in Saturdays).

His parents (A.작은 식당을 운영하십니다.)

They are always busy on Saturdays.

So, he makes his own lunch.

He is going to (making/make/made) spaghetti agilo e olio this Saturday.

Yejin's favorite hobby is (danced/dancing).

She is a new member of the school dance club.

Members come to the school gym on Saturdays and practice dance moves.

These days Yejin is learning hip-hop moves.

The club will (performs/perform) at the school festival next month.

Adrian is (  가  ) Geneva, Switzerland.

He and his family live (   나   ) Busan.

His favorite hobby is skiing, but it does not snow very much in Busan.

Now he has a new hobby.

On Saturdays, he goes around the city and (다.take) pictures with his camera.

He will go back to Geneva next year, and he will take his new hobby with him.

11. 위 글에 괄호에 알맞는 형태 단어를 고르세요.

12. (A. 작은식당을 운영하십니다.)를 영어로 4 단어로 쓰세요.

13. (  가  ) 안에 들어갈 알맞은 전치사는?

(1) at   (2) in   (3) on  (4) with  (5) from 

14. (  나  ) 안에 들어갈 알맞은 전치사는?

(1) at   (2) in   (3) on  (4) over  (5) under 

15. (다. take)의 알맞는 형태로 다시 써주세요.